How to keep pastures healthy in hot, dry summers
Wet, cool spring delayed forage growth. Summer came on hot and dry. Arkansas scientists offers pointers for healthy pastures.
Arkansas’ summer has come on hot and dry, presenting challenges for maintaining healthy pastures, said Dirk Philipp, associate professor of animal science and forage researcher for the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture.
The main perennial forages in Arkansas are tall fescue and bermudagrass,” Philipp said.
“Although rain during spring was plentiful, soil profiles are getting dry,” Philipp said. “Pastures suffer when the weather turns hot and dry following a wet and cool spring that delays growth.”
Fescue ceases growth during hot conditions, Philipp said. “During those times, fescue should not be mowed or grazed to avoid damage to the sward.”
If producers decide to cut fescue for hay under these conditions, Philipp said, they should leave at least 4 inches of leaf material on the plants to ensure enough area for photosynthesis.
Philipp said producers should not keep cattle on summer-dormant fescue pastures to avoid overgrazing, soil compaction and creating openings for weed encroachment.
“Have a plan in place to move animals somewhere else,” Philipp said, “preferably onto a warm season perennial pasture or pastures of summer annual forages.
Bermudagrass, because it is a warm-season perennial, will keep growing when it gets hot, Philipp said. But the wet, cool spring this year resulted in little growth going into the hot summer months. Conditions are compounded by a lot of weed pressure, he said.
When field size is manageable, Philipp said, bushhog fields to cut down on weeds and fertilize the bermudagrass with about 50 to 60 pounds of nitrogen per acre.